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CUANDO TE DE LA GANA || Philip Roth, “El novelista más dotado” | Cultura | EL PAÍS

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Philip Roth, “El novelista más dotado” | Cultura | EL PAÍS

OPINIÓN

Philip Roth, “El novelista más dotado”

Notas sobre 'El oficio: un escritor, sus colegas y sus obras'



Philip Roth (derecha), con Robert Lowell y Richard Ellmann en 1960 en Nueva York. En vídeo, perfil de Roth. 





Philip Roth dejó de escribir cuando le dio la gana, es decir, cuando ya no tenía ganas de escribir; consideraba que ya era hora, y ahora ya es pasado todo, ya es pasado también el Nobel que no le dieron, y su escritura está fijada en el tiempo como un estilete, o como una navaja, en la garganta de la humanidad conforme, en Estados Unidos y en cualquier parte. Martin Green, al principio de una recopilación de algunos de sus grandes textos, decía que era “el más dotado de los novelistas” de su época, que traducía “su inteligencia y sus sentimientos a los términos específicos de la ficción seria, con más firmeza que Bellow, más riqueza que Mailer, más paciencia y firmeza y gusto y tacto que cualquier otro”.
Y continuaba Green en ese libro de recopilaciones que todo eso que afirmaba tenía un soporte, el hecho de que el propio Roth, como escritor, era “un lector serio”. Muchos lectores serios hay por el mundo, y no todos son novelistas, y muchos novelistas, serios como él, son o han sido serios lectores, pero no todos han sido, además, visitantes de los colegas de los que aprendió y con los que, en cierta medida, compitió en vida. El otro regalo que deja Roth, aparte de sus novelas, es que él sí visitó las literaturas ajenas y dejó testimonio de ellas en revistas y en recopilaciones, como este libro que tengo ante mí y que tradujo para Seix Barral Ramón Buenaventura, el más asiduo visitante de su literatura: El oficio: un escritor, sus colegas y sus obras (2003, en español).
En ese libro aparecen sus encuentros o entrevistas con maestros suyos, como Bernard Malamud o Saul Bellow; conversa con Milan Kundera o con Primo Levi, se encuentra en Jerusalén con Aaron Appelfeld, habla en Nueva York con Isaac Bashevis Singer acerca de Bruno Schultz, muestra sus cartas con Mary McCarthy y establece con Edna O´Brien, en Londres, un perfil que parece la entrada en la cueva de un alma.
En todos esos casos, el escritor que puso en pie el sentido del humor, la ironía descarnada de los judíos, y que hizo del sexo un argumento de los retratos de ficción, se pone el uniforme variado del periodista y le arranca el alma a sus interlocutores, como quiso hacer Rudyard Kipling cuando se encontró con su admirado Mark Twain.
Como periodista, el novelista más dotado de su generación, al decir de Martin Green, Roth utiliza las armas de su cultura literaria, de sus lecturas, pero no desdeña su propia escritura, para indagar en el método de las distintas literaturas a las que se enfrenta. Pero el novelista siempre lo asalta, le da argumentos para la descripción de los personajes, hasta alcanzar las cotas que el periodismo le debe a la literatura cuando aquel no se ajusta solo a las obligaciones de la superficie. Quizá en ese sentido la descripción que hace de Bernard Malamud es ejemplar para los que cultivan el oficio de retratar. Escribe Roth de su veterano colega: “El hombre de 46 años que conocí en casa de los Baker, en Monmouth, Oregon, en 1961, nunca me dio la impresión de haber podido escribir semejante texto [hablaba de textos recogidos en El barril mágico], ni ninguno parecido. A primera vista, y para alguien que, como yo, se ha criado entre agentes de seguros, Bern tenía toda la pinta de pertenecer a ese gremio: podría haber pasado por uno de los que trabajaban con mi padre en su sucursal de Metropolitan Life”.
Cuando va a Turín en busca de Primo Levi quiere ver antes la fábrica de pintura en la que prestaba sus servicios técnicos el hombre atormentado por los nazis; a Milan Kundera se lo encuentra en París y en Londres, en 1980, y esta es la primera pregunta que le hace al escritor menos locuaz del mundo: “¿Cree que llegará pronto la destrucción del mundo?” A lo que ese escritor de la risa, la levedad y el silencio le responde: “Depende de lo que entienda usted por pronto”.
Este libro es un tesoro que habla de Roth, no tan solo de sus colegas; en su manera de escuchar el sonido de los otros, del semblante que muestran o de las contradicciones entre sus obras y sus vidas, se pueden encontrar datos para el perfil de este hombre que, en estos casos, escucha como él escuchó a Primo Levi. Al describirlo, Roth parece mirarse en su propio espejo como novelista a tiempo completo y como periodista accidental: “Hay algo que no debería resultarnos tan sorprendente como en principio parece, y es que los escritores dividen al resto de la humanidad en dos categorías: los que escuchan y los que no escuchan”. Levi escuchaba, decía Roth, “con todo el rostro, una cara modelada con verdadera precisión”.
La cara de Roth era una piedra a medio hacer, un ser humano escuchando, un mago de la ficción escribiendo, una especie de puño asilvestrado que llevaba la boca fruncida como si al tiempo que escuchaba se guardara para sí lo que luego sería la escritura que se estaba callando. En este libro que seguramente se considerará accidental encontrarán un tesoro los que ahora busquen saber qué hizo a Philip Roth el novelista más dotado de su tiempo. Se hizo escuchando, entre otros, los latidos del oficio.

LA MANCHA HUMANA || Cinco novelas imprescindibles de Philip Roth | Cultura | EL PAÍS

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Cinco novelas imprescindibles de Philip Roth | Cultura | EL PAÍS

Cinco novelas imprescindibles de Philip Roth

No es fácil elegir entre la treintena de libros publicados por el estupendo escritor estadounidense



Anthony Hopkings, en el papel de Coleman en 'La mancha humana'. En vídeo, perfil de Philip Roth. 





Entre la treintena larga de libros que Philip Roth, que ha muerto esta madrugada a los 85 años, escribió no es fácil seleccionar unos cuantos. Son muchas las obras magistrales que han dejado un recuerdo indeleble en el lector y en la crítica. Su capacidad de indagar en las regiones devastadas y más oscuras del ser humano, de poner de relieve su risible trascendencia y de transmitir la explosión liberadora y cautiva del sexo recorre la producción de un fabulador pegado a la realidad, a su tiempo, a su país, al mundo. ¿Qué mayor reconocimiento para la maestría de un novelista que los historiadores de su país, EE UU, elijan su libro de ficción La conjura contra América como el mejor del año? A continuación, una lista nada exhaustiva de algunas de las novelas imprescindibles de Philip Roth. 
Cinco novelas imprescindibles de Philip Roth

1. El lamento de Portnoy (1969)

Se convirtió rápidamente en un clásico y no solo de la provocación. Es el divertido monólogo de las obsesiones masturbatorias de un joven judío Alexander Portnoy, pegado a su madre, y sus problemáticas relaciones con las mujeres en los años cuarenta en Nueva Jersey.  
Cinco novelas imprescindibles de Philip Roth

2. La mancha humana 

La serie de novelas protagonizadas por el alter ego del escritor Nathan Zuckerman, "personaje más real que lo que da de sí la realidad, y que permitió a Roth llevar a cabo una serie de complejas exploraciones acerca del sentido del arte y de la vida", en palabras del escritor y crítico Eduardo Lago. En La mancha humana (2000), por ejemplo, Zuckerman narra cómo la carrera del profesor universitario Coleman Silk, se arruina al pronunciar en clase una expresión poco afortunada en la fiebre de lo políticamente correcto en EE UU.
Cinco novelas imprescindibles de Philip Roth

3. Pastoral Americana (1997)

El reverso del sueño americano. El matrimonio perfecto, formado por Seymour, antiguo atleta y buen hijo, y Dawn, exmiss New Jersey, lleva una vida ejemplar hasta que su existencia empieza a despeñarse por una desgracia familiar. Las convicciones de Seymour chocan con los valores de la sociedad americana de los años sesenta en esta primera entrega de la celerada triilogía estadounidense, que continuó con Me casé con un comunista(1998) y La mancha humana.
Cinco novelas imprescindibles de Philip Roth

4. La conjura contra América(2004)

¿Qué hubiera pasado si en las elecciones de EE UU un candidato republicano, filonazi, antisemita y aislacionista, como el popular aviador Charles A. Lindbergh, el primero que cruzó solo el Atlántico, hubiese arrebatado en 1940 la victoria a Roosevelt? EE UU no hubiera intervenido en la II Guerra Mundial y hubiera perseguido a los judíos, según la estremecedora obra de Roth, que se centra, no obstante, en la tragedia personal de una sola familia, llamada, precisamente, Roth.
Cinco novelas imprescindibles de Philip Roth

5. Nemesis (2010)

Su última novela en la que vuelve por sus fueros. El tema de Nemesis es la epidemia de polio que asoló Estados Unidos durante el verano de 1941, tal y como afectó a la comunidad judía de Newark, la ciudad natal del autor, escenario de su infancia. Roth retoma un viejo tema, el de la peste, tratado anteriormente por Daniel Defoe y Albert Camus. El trasfondo, en este caso, es la II Guerra Mundial, con sus atrocidades. En su última entrega, "Roth nos arrastra a lo mejor de que es capaz el teatro de su imaginación, alcanzando un virtuosismo del que sólo son capaces los maestros de lo invisible", sostiene Eduardo Lago. Al comentar la novela, el sudafricano J. M. Coetzee, ganador del premio Nobel de Literatura, repara en una escena misteriosa en la que se explica cómo cavar una tumba. Se trata de una lección, señala Coetzee, tanto de vida como de muerte. Escribir es afrontar la muerte y aprender a vivir. Todo a la vez.

ALEXANDER || Una biografía para hacer justicia al olvidado Alejandro Farnesio | Cultura | EL PAÍS

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Una biografía para hacer justicia al olvidado Alejandro Farnesio | Cultura | EL PAÍS



HISTORIA DE ESPAÑA

Una biografía para hacer justicia al olvidado Alejandro Farnesio

El abogado Luis de Carlos publica ‘Alexander’, historia de la vida del duque de Parma, protagonista en los grandes conflictos que afrontó Felipe II

Retrato de Alejandro Farnesio, de la artista Sofonisba de Anguissola, que se encuentra en el Museo Nacional de Irlanda (Dublín).
Retrato de Alejandro Farnesio, de la artista Sofonisba de Anguissola, que se encuentra en el Museo Nacional de Irlanda (Dublín)




Nieto del emperador Carlos V y bisnieto de Papa, sobrino del rey Felipe II, que tuteló su educación y le impuso con quien debía casarse; protagonista en la batalla de Lepanto, gobernador de Flandes y batallador por el catolicismo hasta su muerte en Francia… ¿por qué un personaje con estos mimbres no ha sido más estudiado por los historiadores españoles? El abogado Luis de Carlos Bertrán cuenta ahora la extraordinaria vida de Alejandro Farnesio en Alexander (editorial Crítica), para intentar hacer justicia a este romano nacido en 1545 y fallecido en Francia, en 1592, a los 47 años. “Uno de los personajes más fascinantes de la historia de España y, paradójicamente, uno de los menos conocidos”, subraya en el preámbulo de su libro. En la presentación de esta obra, el pasado martes, en la Fundación Carlos de Amberes, de Madrid, el autor recordó que el origen extranjero de Farnesio, su constante lejanía de la corte madrileña por sus servicios al monarca, sobre todo, y su participación en la debacle de la Armada Invencible, en 1588, le han restado posibles biografías en el país por el que peleó y perdió la vida.
Alexander, título tomado del lacónico epitafio de la austera tumba de Farnesio en Parma, llama la atención porque no lo ha escrito un historiador y porque, en un primer vistazo, se aprecia que el número de páginas con notas explicativas y referencias bibliográficas (283) es poco menor que las que cuentan la vida del personaje, como subrayó el ministro de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, Íñigo Méndez de Vigo, padrino de la puesta en escena de este volumen. El ministro, amigo del autor, celebró la recuperación de “una figura importante”, de la que alabó su “lealtad con un rey, Felipe II, que puso las bases del Estado que conocemos hoy”. Sin embargo, “su fracaso en la Armada Invencible le hundió, incluso anímicamente, lo que fue aprovechado por sus enemigos para denigrarlo hasta su muerte”, añadió.
De Carlos, doctor en Derecho y licenciado en Económicas y Empresariales, no ocultó su admiración por el general y diplomático al que ha dedicado seis años y del que ha leído las pocas biografías que lo describen, especialmente los cinco tomos que el historiador belga Léon van der Essen publicó en 1933. Sin embargo, el duque de Parma le había empezado a atraer antes, cuando su esposa le regaló Poder y gloria. Los héroes de la España imperial, del historiador británico Henry Kamen, en el que este lamentaba “el completo olvido” de Farnesio por sus colegas españoles. Para su Alexander, De Carlos ha estudiado en el Archivo General de Simancas (Valladolid) la correspondencia de Farnesio con el llamado Rey prudente y con sus padres, así como diversa documentación. Formado en la Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, donde acompañó a don Juan de Austria, hermanastro de Felipe II, y al fallido heredero de este, el príncipe don Carlos, “Farnesio era un hombre que recibió una gran formación y que ansiaba gloria”, dijo. “Luchó contra el turco en Lepanto, recuperó casi todos los territorios que en los Países Bajos se habían rebelado contra Felipe II, lo que incluyó, en 1585, la toma de Amberes, su cumbre”. Luego llegó el desastre de Inglaterra y el desencuentro con el rey cuando este le pidió que ayudase a los católicos en Francia. Allí recibió el 24 de abril de 1592 un balazo de arcabuz en el antebrazo que se infectó y le debilitó hasta su muerte, siete meses después.
Completaron la presentación de Alexander, la directora editorial de Crítica, Carmen Esteban; el periodista Miguel Ángel Aguilar, presidente de la Fundación Carlos de Amberes, y Luis Ribot, de la Real Academia de la Historia y autor del prólogo del libro. Ribot puso el contexto al casi medio siglo que vivió Farnesio. “Un periodo glorioso de la historia de España, con una gran monarquía que dominaba el mundo. Farnesio era un no nacido en España que estuvo en el meollo de sus grandes conflictos”. También recordó las características que Baltasar Gracián atribuyó en El héroe a todo hombre excepcional, “inteligencia y valor”, que según el historiador cuadraban en el romano. Ribot puso el corolario destacando que Alejandro Farnesio “supo superar siempre sus orígenes de bastardía”, una mácula tan determinante en el Antiguo Régimen, aunque en su linaje hubiese un emperador y un papa.

LAMENTO || Philip Roth, la escritura y la lujuria | Cultura | EL PAÍS

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Philip Roth, la escritura y la lujuria | Cultura | EL PAÍS

Philip Roth, la escritura y la lujuria

El autor de ‘El lamento de Portnoy’ muere a los 85 años. Retirado desde 2010, su obra, explora la identidad judía y la sexualidad masculina en la América contemporánea

Philip Roth, en su casa en Manhattan, el pasado 5 de enero.
Philip Roth, en su casa en Manhattan, el pasado 5 de enero.  THE NEW YORK TIMES / CONTACTO

Philip Roth, titán de las letras norteamericanas y una fuerza de la naturaleza cuya portentosa producción novelística obliga a pensar, como se ha dicho en más de una ocasión, que no era exactamente un escritor sino una literatura, falleció la noche del martes a los 85 años de edad en un hospital de Manhattan, rodeado de amigos y familiares.
Había nacido en 1933, en la localidad de Newark, en New Jersey, escenario de buena parte de su dilatada obra, que suma más de treinta títulos de ficción, además de un valioso conjunto de libros de ensayo y memorias personales. Le fueron concedidos innumerables premios y distinciones, algunos de ellos los de mayor prestigio a que puede aspirar un escritor, incluido el Príncipe de Asturias de las Letras. La excepción fue el Nobel: haciendo honor a los altibajos de su trayectoria, la Academia Sueca no supo estar a la altura del genial novelista.
No era algo que a le importara demasiado. Roth escribía movido por un imperativo categórico. En una conversación particular con él con motivo de la publicación de una de las novelas centrales de su extenso corpus, Pastoral americana(1997), el escritor declaró que para él escribir entrañaba una entrega dolorosa. Su vida fue de principio a fin una aceptación de ese destino. Philip Roth encarnaba la idea del escritor total, y la dedicación a su oficio exigía de él, como en el caso de Kafka, una de sus influencias más conspicuas, una entrega sin fisuras, casi un sacrificio.
Había en su manera de entender su vocación una actitud comparable a la de uno de sus novelistas más admirados, Dostoievski. Como él, se adentraba en los abismos de la condición humana sin calcular los riesgos: “Cada mañana, siento que desciendo a una mina, de la que al final de la jornada regreso con los materiales que después he de pasar a la página”, dijo en aquella conversación. Su corpus novelístico, extraordinariamente sólido, incluye varias obras maestras.

IMPRESCINDIBLES

El lamento de Portnoy (1969).
La mancha humana (2000).
Pastoral americana (1997).
La conjura contra América (2004).
Némesis (2010).
Operación Shylock (1993).
El teatro de Sabbath (1995).
Elegía (2008).
El animal moribundo (2002).
Hay altibajos, pero por encima de todo lo que cuenta es el valor de conjunto de su obra, que es un todo esencialmente indivisible. Tras un debut que marcaba la aparición de un escritor excepcional, Goodbye, Columbus (1959), Roth inició una trayectoria fulgurante, que incluye más títulos imprescindibles de los que cabe señalar aquí. Algunos: El lamento de Portnoy (1969), probablemente la exploración más tormentosa y radical de la sexualidad masculina que se haya llevado a cabo jamás; la heptalogía centrada en torno a la figura de su alter ego literario, Nathan Zuckerman, en la que explora en profundidad qué significa ser escritor. Aunque la mayor parte de su obra se movió dentro de los parámetros de una concepción realista de la ficción, en algunas novelas, como La contravida (1986), experimentó con las posibilidades de la narrativa, buscando nuevas formas de expresión. Otros títulos fundamentales de su canon son Operación Shylock (1993) y El teatro de Sabbath (1995). Su exploración de lo que significa ser judío en los Estados Unidos, una de sus preocupaciones centrales, le valió tantos rechazos como adhesiones. A finales del siglo XX, la marcha triunfal de su escritura continuó con obras como Pastoral americana, Me casé con un comunista y, ya en el tercer milenio, La mancha humana.
Tras haber tratado a fondo cuestiones como la historia, la naturaleza del deseo y el papel de la literatura en la cultura actual, Roth dirigió la mirada hacia lacras que aquejan tanto al individuo como a la sociedad estadounidense contemporánea. A esta fase corresponden El animal moribundo, La conjura contra América, Elegía, Sale el espectro, que pone punto final a la saga de Zuckerman, Indignación, Humillación y Némesis. Publicadas casi a razón de una por año, el torrente creativo de Roth echa por tierra la idea del escritor que entra en declive en las décadas finales de su vida.
Tan importantes como sus novelas son sus obras de no ficción, entre las que destacan Los hechos (1988) y Patrimonio (1991). En conversación con David Remnick, director del New Yorker, tratando de explicar la energía interior que lo guiaba, señaló: “No sé adónde voy con esto, pero no puedo parar. Es así de sencillo”. No obstante, el momento de parar llegó. Tras la publicación de Némesis(2010), Philip Roth anunció al mundo que dejaba para siempre la escritura.

Frenazo en seco

La revelación fue recibida con estupor e incredulidad. Para su público, la idea era inaceptable. Con la misma inexorabilidad con que se entregó a la escritura, Philip Roth la abandonó. Fue un frenazo en seco para la historia literaria, no solo de su país, sino para los millones de seguidores que tenía en todos los idiomas y latitudes. Adoptó la decisión con total serenidad. Para decirlo con sus palabras, dejó de bajar a diario a la mina en busca de un material que le exigía transformar el dolor en belleza. Se abrió más a la vida social. Disfrutó de la amistad de escritores con los que no había podido relacionarse tanto como hubiera querido. Le asombraba seguir vivo. Un día más, se decía cada vez que se levantaba por la mañana, y continuaba la plácida rutina de la que no había podido disfrutar ni un solo día desde que aceptó la condena de vivir para la escritura. La muerte de Philip Roth deja un vacío que no será fácil cubrir, porque, efectivamente, con él no desaparece un autor, sino toda una manera de entender la literatura.

InSight Steers Toward Mars | NASA

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InSight Steers Toward Mars | NASA



InSight Steers Toward Mars

Animation of InSight spacecraft
NASA's InSight spacecraft is currently cruising to Mars. Yesterday, it performed its first course correction guiding it to the Red Planet.
Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech
NASA's InSight lander has made its first course correction toward Mars.
InSight, short for Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport, is the first mission dedicated to exploring the deep interior of Mars.
The lander is currently encapsulated in a protective aeroshell, which launched on top of an Atlas V 401 rocket on May 5 from Vandenberg Air Force Base in Central California. Yesterday, the spacecraft fired its thrusters for the first time to change its flight path. This activity, called a trajectory correction maneuver, will happen a maximum of six times to guide the lander to Mars.
Every launch starts with a rocket. That's necessary to get a spacecraft out past Earth's gravity -- but rockets don't complete the journey to other planets. Before launch, every piece of hardware headed to Mars is cleaned, limiting the number of Earth microbes that might travel on the spacecraft. However, the rocket and its upper stage, called a Centaur, don’t get the same special treatment.
As a result, Mars launches involve aiming the rocket just off-target so that it flies off into space. Separately, the spacecraft performs a series of trajectory correction maneuvers guiding it to the Red Planet. This makes sure that only the clean spacecraft lands on the planet, while the upper stage does not come close.
Precise calculations are required for InSight to arrive at exactly the right spot in Mars' atmosphere at exactly the right time, resulting in a landing on Nov. 26. Every step of the way, a team of navigators estimates the position and velocity of the spacecraft. Then they design maneuvers to deliver it to an entry point at Mars. That navigation team is based at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, which leads the InSight mission.
"This first maneuver is the largest we'll conduct," said Fernando Abilleira of JPL, InSight's Deputy Mission Design and Navigation Manager. "The thrusters will fire for about 40 seconds to impart a velocity change of 3.8 meters per second [8.5 mph] to the spacecraft. That will put us in the right ballpark as we aim for Mars."
Especially at the beginning of that cruise, navigators rely on NASA's Deep Space Network (DSN) to track the spacecraft. The DSN is a system of antennas located at three sites around the Earth. As the planet rotates, each of these sites comes into range of NASA's spacecraft, pinging them with radio signals to track their positions. The antennas also send and receive data this way.
The DSN can give very accurate measurements about spacecraft position and velocity. But predicting where InSight will be after it fires its thrusters requires lots of modeling, Abilleira said. As the cruise to Mars progresses, navigators have more information about the forces acting on a spacecraft. That lets them further refine their models. Combined with DSN tracking measurements, these models allow them to precisely drive the spacecraft to the desired entry point.
"Navigation is all about statistics, probability and uncertainty," Abilleira said. "As we gather more information on the forces acting on the spacecraft, we can better predict how it's moving and how future maneuvers will affect its path."
Yesterday's 40-second burn relies on four of eight thrusters on the spacecraft. A separate group of four is autonomously fired on a daily basis to keep the spacecraft's solar panels trained on the Sun and its antennas pointed at Earth. While necessary to maintain orientation, these small, daily firings also introduce errors that navigators have to account for and counterbalance.
"Everyone has been working hard since launch to assess what these small forces have done to the trajectory," said Allen Halsell of JPL, InSight's navigation team chief. "People have worked lots of hours to look at that. For engineers, it's a very interesting problem, and fun to try to figure out."
When the spacecraft is just a few hours from Mars, the planet's gravitational pull, or gravity well, will begin to reel the spacecraft in. At that point, InSight's team will prepare for the next milestone after cruise: entering Mars' atmosphere, descending to the surface and sticking InSight's landing.
JPL, a division of Caltech in Pasadena, California, manages InSight for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. InSight is part of NASA's Discovery Program, managed by the agency's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. The InSight spacecraft, including cruise stage and lander, was built and tested by Lockheed Martin Space in Denver. 
Find more information about InSight at:
Follow InSight's path to Mars by visiting NASA's Eyes on the Solar System:
Andrew Good
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
818-393-2433
andrew.c.good@jpl.nasa.gov
2018-114
Last Updated: May 23, 2018
Editor: Tony Greicius

Drilling Success: Curiosity is Collecting Mars Rocks | NASA

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Drilling Success: Curiosity is Collecting Mars Rocks | NASA



Drilling Success: Curiosity 

is Collecting Mars Rocks

NASA's Curiosity rover successfully drilled a 2-inch-deep hole
NASA's Curiosity rover successfully drilled a 2-inch-deep hole in a target called "Duluth" on May 20. It was the first rock sample captured by the drill since October 2016. This image was taken by Curiosity's Mast Camera (Mastcam) on Sol 2057.
Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS
Engineers working with NASA's Curiosity Mars rover have been hard at work testing a new way for the rover to drill rocks and extract powder from them. This past weekend, that effort produced the first drilled sample on Mars in more than a year.
Curiosity tested percussive drilling this past weekend, penetrating about 2 inches (50 millimeters) into a target called "Duluth."
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, has been testing this drilling technique since a mechanical problem took Curiosity's drill offline in December of 2016. This technique, called Feed Extended Drilling, keeps the drill's bit extended out past two stabilizer posts that were originally used to steady the drill against Martian rocks. It lets Curiosity drill using the force of its robotic arm, a little more like the way a human would drill into a wall at home.
"The team used tremendous ingenuity to devise a new drilling technique and implement it on another planet," said Curiosity Deputy Project Manager Steve Lee of JPL. "Those are two vital inches of innovation from 60 million miles away. We’re thrilled that the result was so successful."
Drilling is a vitally important part of Curiosity's capabilities to study Mars. Inside the rover are two laboratories that are able to conduct chemical and mineralogical analyses of rock and soil samples. The samples are acquired from Gale Crater, which the rover has been exploring since 2012.
Curiosity's science team has been eager to get the drill working before the rover leaves its current location near Vera Rubin Ridge. Fortunately, it was near enough to drill targets like Duluth to drive back down the ridge. Sunday's drill sample represents a quick taste of the region before Curiosity moves on.
A close-up image of a 2-inch-deep hole produced using a new drilling technique for NASA's Curiosity rover
A close-up image of a 2-inch-deep hole produced using a new drilling technique for NASA's Curiosity rover. The hole is about 0.6 inches across (1.6 centimeters). This image was taken by Curiosity's Mast Camera (Mastcam) on Sol 2057. It has been white balanced and contrast enhanced.
Credits: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS
Demonstrating that Curiosity's percussive drilling technique works is a milestone in itself. But that doesn't mean the work is over for engineers at JPL.
"We've been developing this new drilling technique for over a year, but our job isn't done once a sample has been collected on Mars," JPL's Tom Green, a systems engineer who helped develop and test Curiosity's new drilling method. "With each new test, we closely examine the data to look for improvements we can make and then head back to our testbed to iterate on the process."
There's also the next step to work on: delivering the rock sample from the drill bit to the two laboratories inside the rover. Having captured enough powder inside the drill, engineers will now use the rover's cameras to estimate how much trickles out while running the drill backwards. The drill’s percussion mechanism is also used to tap out powder.
As soon as this Friday, the Curiosity team will test a new process for delivering samples into the rover's laboratories.
For more about Curiosity, visit:
Andrew Good
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
818-393-2433
andrew.c.good@jpl.nasa.gov
2018-113       
Last Updated: May 23, 2018
Editor: Tony Greicius

Summer Showers of Gold: Amaltas, the state flower of Kerala finds mention in Indian epics | The Indian Express

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Summer Showers of Gold: Amaltas, the state flower of Kerala finds mention in Indian epics | The Indian Express

Summer Showers of Gold: Amaltas, the state flower of Kerala finds mention in Indian epics

Its leaves, fruits and flowers are known to have medicinal relevance in Ayurveda. In fact, in Sanskrit, the Amaltas tree is revered as ‘Aragvadha’ or ‘disease killer’. The fruit pulp is known to have laxative properties, while its flowers are used in certain folk remedies.

Written by Swasti Pachauri | New Delhi | Updated: May 24, 2018 8:58:47 am
Native to Indian sub-continent the tree is honoured as the state flower of Kerala. Found in abundance in the Indian sub-continent illuminating through south-east Asia, the flower is also the national flower of Thailand. (Source: Getty Images)

Natural chandeliers of yellow and gold gleam and glisten in a camouflage of fluorescent lush green leaves. Sporadic invasion of bougainvillea creeper here and there, and a carpet of petals welcoming young and old alike laced with the sweetest aromas garnish the otherwise dry summer air. This typical north Indian summer picture decorated with resplendent yellow and golden beauties of Indian Laburnum, or more commonly known as the Amaltas, is a common sight to behold and relish in Delhi and other parts of India during this time of the year.
Known as Cassia Fistulia, or ‘the pudding pipe’ (for its fruits are brownish, blackish cylindrical pods), these florets erupt in full abundance during April-June. Its golden chandelier type inflorescence is revered as ‘Swarnapushpa’ or ‘Bahava ke phool’ in Hindi. Several hues of yellow and golden arranged in beautiful racemes – or irregular pedicellate patterns hang from this dry deciduous, tropical tree. Dotting major urban landscapes in the country as an avenue / ornamental tree, over and above its dominance in forests, Indian Laburnum is a sight to behold – a riot of pleasing hues of yellows to relish.
Catch a glimpse of the floral cultural, aesthetic and environmental relevance here.

Cultural relevance

Native to the Indian sub-continent, the tree is honoured as the state flower of Kerala. Found in abundance in the Indian sub-continent illuminating through south-east Asia, the flower is also the national flower of Thailand, with its golden hues signifying royalty, according to sources. Ranging from literature, paintings and other contemporary works, the tree and its floral magnets find their mention in select portions of Indian epics. ‘Kishkindha Kanda’ and ‘Aranya Kanda’ in Ramoayan, for instance, and also in Mahabharata, according to secondary sources.
In Kerala, the flower has its utmost religious and cultural significance. Known as ‘Kondrai’ or ‘Kannikona’, it is the quintessential offering during the festival of ‘Vishu’ or the Malayalam New Year. During Vishu, the golden flower is a mandatory offering, in addition to everything ‘golden’ that is harvested at this time of the year ranging from jackfruits, golden cucumber, mangoes and cashews.
These pendulous shaped golden beauties are evocative of one’s childhood when one would often mistake these summer delights for grape bunches! From a distance, sometimes Indian Laburnum showers can confuse children for the florets.

Medicine, food and green energy

Its leaves, fruits and flowers are known to have medicinal relevance in Ayurveda. In fact, in Sanskrit, the tree is revered as ‘Aragvadha’ or ‘disease killer’. The fruit pulp is known to have laxative properties, while its flowers are used in certain folk remedies. However, medicinal supervision is needed before consuming any part of the tree, as Ayurveda recommends.
Some cultures also utilise its green wealth in traditional preparations. The ‘world agro forestry’ quotes that flowers of ‘Amaltas’ are used by Santhals in India. Traditional recipes of chutneys and vegetables are also available online. Additionally, according to a few studies, the seed oil of Indian Laburnum has potential in green energy as biodiesel, and the leaves has potential in green manure.

Biodiversity

It must be noted that with only 2.4% of world’s land area, India accounts for 8% of biodiversity of the world. The sun soaked golden beauties of Indian Laburnum are an attractive sight for bees, birds, butterflies and insects. With climate change induced threats to biodiversity all across the world, this tree with its plantations and conservation can be considered as a throbbing biodiversity hub with huge potential in agro forestry, butterfly rearing and apiculture or bee-keeping.
In fact, government of India led afforestation schemes such as CAMPA and similar other reforestation drives can be promoted and merged with livelihoods interventions, such as organising self-help groups (SHGs) around apiculture and empowering women through SHG linkages.

Ecological heritage and sustainability

A wide variety of flora lends Delhi its green quotient and provides for a stunning sight that needs to be preserved and conserved for posterity. Huge trees of Asoka, Banyan, Semal, Gulmohar, Mango, Neem, Jamun and Amaltas are essential constituents of Delhi’s ecological heritage and natural capital occasionally ‘greening’ our urban agglomerations. Keeping the importance of this co-existence in mind, nature walks, tree awareness workshops, tree trails are some events that are regularly organised in the capital. The role of governments through the years can’t be ignored in having conserved some of the last jungle patches in the city – the Ridge forest, for example – an important refuge for these trees.
Since it is highly valued for its ornamental quotients, Indian Laburnum has huge potential in contributing to aesthetics and environmental conservation at once, by greening urban architecture and landscapes, thereby, contributing to national targets of biodiversity, climate change redressal and Sustainable Development Goal target # 11 on greening cities and making urban spaces sustainable.
Swasti Pachauri is a social sector professional, formerly working as a Prime Minister’s Rural Development Fellow in Seoni district of Madhya Pradesh.
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The grapes of Roth | The Indian Express

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The grapes of Roth | The Indian Express

The grapes of Roth

Philip Roth wrought from his own context the cleavages of a country, its politics and society.

By: Editorial | Updated: May 24, 2018 12:07:17 am
Karnataka's fractured mandate
But what makes Roth truly great is the ability to begin from the self, his own context, and squeeze through prose that rises to a feverish pitch.

Jewishness, lust and American life can and have been used to describe the themes that Philp Roth, who died on Wednesday at 85, explored in his astounding body of work. They say everything and nothing, though, about the depth and breadth of one of the 20th century’s great novelists.
Lust is indeed at the core of Portnoy’s Complaint (1969), arguably Roth’s most well-known novel. But Alexander Portnoy’s unadulterated slavery to his libido — everything from his ethical universe to his family is subsumed in it — tells a secret truth, one that is essential to any understanding of the perils of masculinity. In Roth’s later work, desire becomes a vehicle. Through it, he takes us to the depths of America’s pathologies — race and class (The Human Stain) — infirmity (Everyman), and even death.
But what makes Roth truly great is the ability to begin from the self, his own context, and squeeze through prose that rises to a feverish pitch, the story of a country, its politics and the cleavages that define it. The line between reality and fiction is often blurred in his work. Roth or his thinly-veiled alter-ego, Nathan Zuckerman, begin stories from Newark, New Jersey, and Jewish childhoods, and take the reader, whether in Bombay or Bulandshahar, Daman or Delhi, into journeys through the horrors of McCarthyism (I Married a Communist), the precariousness of democracy (The Plot Against America) or, as in American Pastoral, things as personal and grand as politics, family and the scars of a society whose values are morphing.
Or even explore identity through more ethereal realms, as in Operation Shylock, where the near-magical schizophrenia of Philip Roth, the writer, mirrors the politics of Jewishness and Israel. Roth epitomises the paradigm of the writer of visceral fiction, someone who, as PG Wodehouse said, “went deep down into life without caring a damn”. It is no secret that he wanted to win the Nobel Prize for literature. It is even less of a secret that he deserved it. But then, sometimes omission only confirms greatness.
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LOS INVISIBLES ANILLOS DE JÚPITER

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LOS INVISIBLES ANILLOS DE JÚPITER
La imagen puede contener: exterior
La imagen puede contener: exterior
el dispensador dice: ¿sabes?... en el universo "visible" el factor dominante lo constituye lo invisible... ¿sabes?... en los universos no visibles, sean paralelos y simultáneos, sean polarmente inversos y extraños, el factor dominante lo constituye lo invisible... invisible a los sentidos humanos e invisibles a los ojos humanos... no así de otras entidades moleculares mal llamadas "alienígenas"... ya que podría decirse, sin temor a equivocarse, que todos los seres vivos en todo el universo visible y en todos los universos intangibles, son pasajeros de sus propios viajes... cada cual con su motivo... cada cual con su gracia... cada cual con su destino... cada cual con su consciencia... cada cual con su alma... cada cual con su espíritu... 
el factor común de las existencias es su percepción, su sentido amplio de los horizontes, su sentido amplio de los espacios, su sentido amplio de sus distancias, su sentido amplio de los momentos, su sentido amplio de los afectos...
el factor común de las existencias, además de su percepción, se funda en su invisibilidad... porque vibran más allá del violeta o porque lo hacen por debajo de los rojos... en frecuencias que raramente pueden ser captadas por las tecnologías humanas... basadas en las conveniencias de pocos para dominar a los muchos para quienes dichas tecnologías, pobres por demás, son inaccesibles...
por lo tanto, la falta de evidencias humanas, no resuelven lo invisible...
por lo tanto, la falta de evidencias sistemáticas, no modifica ninguna realidad universal...
y las cosas son, a pesar de...
y las cosas siguen siendo, a pesar de...
y las cosas seguirán siendo, a pesar de...
traducido, por mucho que se asegure todo lo contrario, el orden universal sigue siendo el mismo, a pesar del hombre y sus necedades...
mientras tu respiras envuelto en tu espíritu, el espacio vibra, late, se mueve mediante mareas de energías que le son inherentes... y tu no lo notas... y tu no lo detectas... y tampoco te das cuenta... sin embargo, el espacio vibra, late y está sometido a una marea de flujos energéticos que exceden la magnitud de cualquier tsunami terrestre... 
mientras tu crees que vives contenido en tu alma, el cosmos se expande y contrae con ritmos acompasados de los que ni te enteras... ya que de hacerlo, cundiría el pánico y el espanto propio de lo inmanejable... 
léase, la Tierra que te acuna es la misma que te protege, y es la misma de la que reniegas...
¿te gusta el árbol?... 
¿te gustan los colores del árbol contrastando con los rojos?...
no sabes lo que sería esta misma pintura más allá de los violetas...
y no sabes lo que sería esta misma pintura más allá de los rojos...
no se trata de magia, sino de creación...
como te decía, es más lo que no se ve que aquello que puede verse... y entre las cosas invisibles, escasamente visibles, poco visibles, casi imposibles... se encuentran los anillos de Júpiter... parecidos a los del subsistema Saturno aunque de diferente factura... no los ves, pero están... no se los ve mediante instrumentos terrestres, pero siguen allí...
aún cuando la humanidad no quiera o no crea, los anillos siguen allí... arrojando evidencia implacable...
cuando miras la pintura en el ultravioleta el árbol no existe... y hay un movimiento que indica que, además de un bosque, hay seres transitando sus lapsos...
cuando miras la pintura en infrarrojo, el árbol adquiere una vibración singular y se sale de la misma (pintura) concediéndote una perspectiva que te atrae hasta absorberte y hacerte parte de ella...
claro está, los anillos invisibles de Júpiter permanecen en su lugar... así como los universos invisibles e intangibles siguen existiendo a pesar de la negación humana...
la moraleja es simple... lo que no ves, es más importante que lo poco que ves... y debes comenzar a acostumbrarte, para luego aprender a ver lo "visible" con otros ojos, y de ser factible, sin ellos... MAYO 24, 2018.-
La imagen puede contener: exterior
Carmen Conde Sedemiuqse Esquimedes



How did Jupiter's Rings Form?

Labeled image of Jupiter's Gossamer Ring.Jupiter's Gossamer Ring as seen by the Galileo spacecraft

Image of Jupiter's rings taken by the New Horizons spacecraft as it flew-by on its way to plutoNew Horizons spacecraft image of Jupiter's faint dust rings
Jupiter's faint rings were first discovered by the Voyager 1 spacecraft in 1979, when it looked back at Jupiter and towards the Sun. They are so faint and tenuous, they are only visible when viewed from behind Jupiter and are lit by the Sun, or directly viewed in the infrared where they faintly glow. Unlikely Saturn’s icy rings full of large icy and rock chunks, they are composed of small dust particles.

Early in its mission to Jupiter, the Galileo spacecraft made observations that provided confirmation on how Jupiter's rings were formed, as the dust was seen to coincide with small moon locations: the two Gossamer rings near the small moons Amalthea and Thebe and the main ring near Adrastea and Metis. Scientists had long believed that dust coming off of Adrastea and Metis formed the main ring, but were unsure of the origin of the Gossamer rings.


Hubble mosaic infrared image of Jupiter showing its faint ring and the inner moon Metis.Jupiter's clouds, ring and even
a moon can be seen in this
infrared image taken by the
Hubble Space Telescope
Four of Jupiter's small inner moonsJupiter's Small Inner Moons,
(l to r) Thebe, Amalthea,
Adrastea, Metis

Jupiter's rings are formed from dust particles hurled up by micro-meteor impacts on Jupiter's small inner moons and captured into orbit. If the impacts on the moons were any larger, then the larger dust thrown up would be pulled back down to the moon's surface by gravity. The rings must constantly be replenished with new dust from the moons to exist.


Jupiter has a faint ring system with four main components: the halo ring, the main ring, and the two gossamer rings.Jupiter's Ring Structure and the Moons affecting it
Jupiter's Rings Revealed | NASA



Jupiter's Rings Revealed

Jupiter's Rings Revealed

Why does Jupiter have rings? Jupiter's rings were discovered in 1979 by the passing Voyager 1 spacecraft, but their origin was a mystery. Data from the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003 later confirmed that these rings were created by meteoroid impacts on small nearby moons.

As a small meteoroid strikes tiny Adrastea, for example, it will bore into the moon, vaporize and explode dirt and dust off into a Jovian orbit. Pictured above is an eclipse of the sun by Jupiter, as viewed from Galileo. Small dust particles high in Jupiter's atmosphere, as well as the dust particles that compose the rings, can be seen by reflected sunlight.

Image Credit: NASA, JPL, Galileo Project, (NOAO), J. Burns (Cornell) et al.

Last Updated: Aug. 7, 2017
Editor: NASA Content Administrator

Jupiter's faint ring system is shown in this color composite as two light orange lines protruding from the left toward Jupiter's limb. This image was taken by NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft.
Jupiter's faint ring system is shown in this color composite as two light orange lines protruding from the left toward Jupiter's limb. This picture was taken in Jupiter's shadow through orange and violet filters. The colorful images of Jupiter's bright limb are evidence of the spacecraft motion during these long exposures. The Voyager 2 spacecraft was at a range of 1,450,000 kilometers (900,000 miles) about two degrees below the plane of the ring. The lower ring image was cut short by Jupiter's shadow on the ring.
JPL manages the Voyager project for NASA's Office of Space Science.
View all Images
Jupiter's Rings03.13.07 
New Horizon's image of Jupiter's ring


The New Horizons Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) snapped this photo of Jupiter's ring system on February 24, 2007, from a distance of 7.1 million kilometers (4.4 million miles).

This processed image shows a narrow ring, about 1,000 kilometers (600 miles) wide, with a fainter sheet of material inside it. "This is one of the clearest pictures ever taken of Jupiter's faint ring system," says Dr. Mark Showalter, a planetary astronomer from the SETI Institute in Mountain View, Calif., who planned many of the ring images. "The ring looks different from what we expected — it has usually appeared much wider."

Showalter suggests that the ring's largest boulders are corralled into a narrow belt by the influence of Jupiter's two innermost moons, Adrastea and Metis. The ring also appears to darken in the middle, a possible hint that a smaller, undiscovered moon is clearing out a gap. "If there is a smaller moon within those rings, we hope to see it in some of the hundreds of additional images that New Horizons will transmit back to Earth over the next several weeks," says Dr. Andy Cheng, LORRI principal investigator from the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Md.

Showalter adds that the faint glow extending in from the ring is likely caused by fine dust that diffuses in toward Jupiter. This is the outer tip of the "halo," a cloud of dust that extends down to Jupiter's cloud tops. The dust will glow much brighter in pictures taken after New Horizons passes to the far side of Jupiter and looks back at the rings, which will then be sunlit from behind.

Jupiter's ring system was discovered in 1979, when astronomers spied it in a single image taken by the Voyager 1 spacecraft. Months later, Voyager 2 carried out more extensive imaging of the system. It has since been examined by NASA's Galileo and Cassini spacecraft, as well as by the Hubble Space Telescope and large ground-based observatories. Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute

OÍD EL RUIDO DE ROTAS CADENAS

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Resultado de imagen para 25 de mayo
25 de MAYO de 1810 / 25 de MAYO de 2018
NO A LA MUERTE DE LA PATRIA JUSTA, LIBRE Y SOBERANA

The secretive whistle blower: Why FBI’s No 2 became Watergate’s Deep Throat | The Indian Express

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The secretive whistle blower: Why FBI’s No 2 became Watergate’s Deep Throat | The Indian Express



The secretive whistle blower: Why FBI’s No 2 became Watergate’s Deep Throat

Mark Felt was a competent, conscientious and dedicated FBI operative - at the cost of his family life - who unearthed Nazi and Soviet spies, tackled mobsters, cut through red tape to solve cases and get information, got on well with his legendary chief J Edgar Hoover, and always opposed political interference in law enforcement.

By: IANS | Published: May 24, 2018 5:47:10 pm
Mark felt, FBI whistle blower, Watergate scandal, deep throat, Washington Post Watergate, Indian express service, Indian express online
Liam Neeson played Mark Felt, The Man Who Brought Down the White House. ( Source: File Photo )

An American President is elected in a divisive election, in which a section of his supporters used purported criminal means – including stealing or trying to steal the opposition party’s confidential documents; the FBI’s inquiry into the matter is stymied by the new administration but leaks and dogged journalists bring out the scandal into the open. Donald Trump’s US?
No, this was the US in 1972-73, the time of President Richard Nixon – and Watergate.
Though there are many similarities between the two times and tenures, there is one crucial element missing from the present period – a senior FBI official who undertook an unprecedented, lone and surreptitious operation to ensure the cover-up failed.
It is in this book we learn his full story – and why it is important, as well as his likely motivations.
We have known him long as “Deep Throat”, a name inspired by the contemporary pornographic film and given to him at The Washington Post, whose reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein he guided in their investigation. But even after FBI’s then Deputy Director Mark Felt revealed his identity in 2005 – over three decades later, we still don’t know much about why he played this mysterious role – as can be seen in the film version of Woodward and Bernstein’s classic “All the President’s Men”.
Attorney and author O’ Connor, who successfully worked out Felt’s identity in 2005 and convinced him to confirm it, tries, in this book, to solve the mystery behind the man, who worked towards the exposing one of American politics’ biggest scandals – but did not even seek acknowledgment for what he did.
Watergate’s denouement, leading to Nixon resigning in disgrace and going on to refashion politics, media and law enforcement – and their relationships – far into the future (Well, at least till our “post-truth” world). But why Felt did what he did and did not reveal it till he was over 90 has been perplexing.
Twice passed over to head the FBI – which could have contributed to his decision, Felt did not even tell his family about his secret exploits, leave alone in his (largely unknown) memoirs, published in the early 1980s.
But O’Connor, in this revised and updated version of his 2006 recasting of Felt’s autobiography with additional information from Felt and his family and other sources, tries to solve what led to this career FBI operative to become a secret informer to political shenanigans.
Though Felt is reticent to the extreme – even in the chapter on Watergate, he makes no mention of his secret counselling of Woodward. All he says is that he must give some credit to the press without which “much of the White House involvement in the break-in (into the Democrat National Committee office in Watergate) and the subsequent cover-up) would have never been brought to light”. Also, “people will debate for a long time whether I did the right thing by helping Woodward”.
O’ Connor, noting Felt’s memories had faded due to dementia, is forced to reconstruct with the help of his formerly secret files and interviews with family and colleagues, answers to “three important aspects” – “why he initiated his high-stakes garage meetings with Woodward, how he planned and managed those meetings, and how he escaped detection at the FBI”.
And while he tries to do so, to to the best of his ability and understanding (Woodward’s own “The Secret Man: The Story of Watergate’s Deep Throat”, which came in wake of Felt revealing himself, is also a useful supplement), the major motivations can be discerned from the recounting of Felt’s career in the FBI.
As we learn, Felt was a competent, conscientious and dedicated FBI operative – at the cost of his family life – who unearthed Nazi and Soviet spies, tackled mobsters, cut through red tape to solve cases and get information, got on well with his legendary chief J. Edgar Hoover, and always opposed political interference in law enforcement.
While these could go a long way in explaining why Felt fought his lonely and secret battle, his example is all the more relevant today when political leaders invoke all kinds of justifications for their questionable actions and suborning of law and justice for the purpose.
This makes the book a must-read for anyone who cares about rule of law and accountability.
Title: Felt: The Man Who Brought Down the White House
Author: Mark Felt (with John O’Connor)
Publisher: Ebury Press
Pages: 368
Price: Rs 499
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Study shows Millennials prefer physical books over digital versions | The Indian Express

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Study shows Millennials prefer physical books over digital versions | The Indian Express

Study shows Millennials prefer physical books over digital versions

The researchers moderated discussions with the groups about their feelings surrounding ownership of physical books versus e-books. Participants described being more emotionally attached to physical books, and said they use physical books to establish a sense of self and belonging.

By: PTI | Washington | Published: May 24, 2018 6:58:46 pm
Psychological ownership is important in people’s perception of how they value certain products or services or objects.

Young people still prefer curling up with a paper book over e-readers – even more so than their older counterparts – according to a study which dispels the stereotype that millennials are always hooked to technology. The study, published in the journal Electronic Markets, found that adult consumers across all age groups perceive ownership of e-books very differently than ownership of physical books, and this could have important implications for those in the business of selling digital texts.
“We looked at what’s called psychological ownership, which is not necessarily tied to legal possession or legal rights, but is more tied to perceptions of ‘what is mine’,” said Sabrina Helm, an associate professor at University of Arizona in the US.
Peoples’ sense of psychological ownership is affected by three primary factors: whether they feel like they have control over the object they own, whether they use the object to define who they are, and whether the object helps give them a sense of belonging in society, said Helm.
“Psychological ownership is important in people’s perception of how they value certain products or services or objects,” she said.
“In the context of digital products, we thought it would be appropriate to look at how people take ownership of something that’s not really there – it’s just a file on your computer or device or in the Cloud; it’s more of a concept than an actual thing,” said Helm.
Researchers convened four focus groups in different age ranges: one group of Baby Boomers; one group of members of Generation X; and two groups of millennials. The millennial groups were split into current college students and older millennials.
The researchers moderated discussions with the groups about their feelings surrounding ownership of physical books versus e-books.
Participants across all age groups reported feeling a constricted sense of ownership of digital books versus physical books, based on the fact that they do not have full control over the products. For example, they expressed frustration that they often could not copy a digital file to multiple devices.
Along similar lines, many study participants lamented restrictions on sharing e-books with friends, or gifting or selling the books, saying this made e-books feel less valuable as possessions than physical books.
Participants described being more emotionally attached to physical books, and said they use physical books to establish a sense of self and belonging.
Participants across age groups frequently spoke about their nostalgia for certain childhood books. They also talked about experiencing physical books through multiple senses – describing, for example, the sound, smell and tactile experience of opening a new book, and the ability to highlight or write notes on paper pages.
Participants also said they use their physical book collections to express their identity to others who might be perusing their shelves. E-books did not have these associations.
Minimalists expressed a preference for digital books because they take up less physical space, researchers said. Many participants said the e-book experience feels more like renting than buying.
While almost everyone expressed strong attachment to physical books, and no one embraced a fully digital reading experience, older consumers, contrary to what one might expect, saw more advantages than younger consumers to reading with an e-reader.
They referenced physical benefits that might not be as relevant to younger consumers, like the lightweight nature of e-readers and the ability to zoom in on text.
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Such a Long Journey — Manuscripts from Timbuktu on exhibition in Delhi | The Indian Express

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Such a Long Journey — Manuscripts from Timbuktu on exhibition in Delhi | The Indian Express

Such a Long Journey — Manuscripts from Timbuktu on exhibition in Delhi

Fragile manuscripts from Timbuktu, saved from a terror group, have made a journey of 8,000 km to arrive in Delhi

Written by Vandana Kalra | Updated: May 24, 2018 12:01:31 am
Such a Long Journey — Manuscripts from Timbuktu on exhibition in Delhi
Manuscripts that will be displayed at National Museum.

Carefully packed, a set of 25 fragile Timbuktu manuscripts has just arrived in Delhi. Curator Khatibur Rahman was concerned about their long journey, covering a distance of over 8,000 km from the Mamma Haidara Memorial Library in Mali to the National Museum in Delhi.
He recollects how the delicate documents undertook their most precarious expedition in 2012. To save them from militant group Ansar Dine, thousands of manuscripts were smuggled from Timbuktu to Bamako a 1,000 km journey through Mali. When terrorists set fire to two libraries in Timbuktu, the world thought that all was lost, only to be told later that only 4,000 manuscripts had been destroyed and the rest were safe. “These are not just the most important collections of written heritage of African literary tradition, but also a valuable source of information for the world,” says Rahman.
Assistant curator (Arabic Manuscripts) at the National Museum, Rahman is curating the exhibition “Taj Mahal Meets Timbuktu” that will open at the National Museum on May 24. In the midst of preparing the plaques and finalising the intricacies of the display, he shares that the manuscripts will be exhibited according to their theme, which covers a wide range — Quranic science, Sufism, Arabic Grammar, good governance, Islamic jurisprudence, arithmetic, agriculture and astronomy, among others. “Unlike the calligraphy we see in this part of the world, the manuscripts are in scripts developed in Africa — Saharan, Maghreb, Essouk and Sudanese,” says Rahman, adding, “It includes an 18th century manuscript that is considered one of the best treatise on science of language. It discusses Arabic lexicography and philology in a lucid manner.”
Proposed last year during Minister of State for External Affairs, MJ Akbar’s official visit to Mali, this is the first major exhibition of the ancient manuscripts of Timbuktu in India, according to Amadou Diallo, Charge d Affaires, Embassy of Mali. Among others, he says, the objectives include “exploring the shared link in the respective histories of Mali and India in which deep oral traditions coexisted with the written word” and “fostering a dynamic exchange with academic, technical and financial partners on effective approaches to cataloguing and management of historical manuscripts and cultural artifacts and their conservation and preservation”.
Such a Long Journey — Manuscripts from Timbuktu on exhibition in DelhiA mud structure that is typical of Timbuktu
Dating 14th to 19th century, the manuscripts have a rich history. It is believed that in the early 14th century, African monarch Mansa Musa made a pilgrimage to Mecca and invited several religious scholars to create a new center for Islamic scholarship in Timbuktu. During the following centuries, several scholars attended this institution, producing thousands of manuscripts.
In the following centuries, the knowledge of the manuscripts was lost, as it was not incorporated in education under the colonial rule. The obliviousness even led British historian HR Trevor Roper to famously announce in the ‘30s, “Perhaps in the future, there will be some African history to teach. But, at present there is none: there is only the history of the Europeans in Africa. The rest is darkness”.
While the significance of these documents was realised later, in the more recent years their planned evacuation by librarian Abdel Kader Haidara has generated much interest in both the manuscripts and the very forethought and precision with which they were smuggled out for safekeeping. When Islamic rule was declared in Timbuktu and the rebels began destroying shrines in 2012, Haidara led an operation to hide the documents from institutions into private homes.
Locals were recruited to transport thousands of trunks of nearly 40,000 manuscripts by donkey carts, bicycles and boats to the south of Mali. “The operation is commendable. We would have lost a lot of knowledge and our cultural heritage with these manuscripts,” says Rahman. Their preservation, too, is an arduous task, notes the curator, adding how, at 25, the set on display might seem small, but this is a rare opportunity to view the precious historical documents, with a rather adventurous history, in India.
The exhibition will be at the National Museum till June 6
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On Board, Designs for a Better Tomorrow | The Indian Express

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On Board, Designs for a Better Tomorrow | The Indian Express

On Board, Designs for a Better Tomorrow

Students of School of Planning and Architecture showcase solutions to several pressing issues of the day

Written by Pallavi Chattopadhyay | Updated: May 24, 2018 12:02:40 am
On Board, Designs for a Better Tomorrow
(Clockwise from left) HighDR8; AnnYaan; Jugnoo

After seeing how his mother, who suffers from depression, often forgot to turn off the gas cylinder, 26-year-old Zuberan Ahmed has designed an unmanned drone called Nimbus 103, which he is showcasing at an exhibition, “Design Premiere 2018”, at Visual Arts Gallery, India Habitat Centre. Nimbus 103 comes with fire-fighting abilities and real-time surveillance to reduce response time for fire tenders. It can reach places that are not accessible by fire fighters and deploys 10 bottles of a special liquid to extinguish fires. Ahmed is one of the 21 students graduating from the Department of Industrial Design at the School of Planning and Architecture in Delhi, who are showcasing innovative products surrounding hospitality, social innovation, mobility, education, sports and healthcare, among others.
Having researched extensively on the mid-day meal schemes in cities and villages, another student, Nitul Das, 25, came up with a food delivery system called AnnYaan. It is a customised truck made out of Bolero, a popular vehicle in small towns and villages, with an expandable kitchen and storage system. He says, “In villages, there are issues that need big consideration, like how teachers get involved in cooking and bringing groceries. Their teaching gets disturbed and they are doing this because they are not getting workers. The salary of workers is merely Rs 1,500-Rs 2,000. This van will serve four to five schools at a time in a village and will let teachers do their job — teach.” Designed on the lines of a food truck, the van will be parked at the gram panchayat area, where a cook will ensure that nutritional requirements are met. A helper and a driver will deliver to all schools.
On Board, Designs for a Better TomorrowNimbus 103
Talking about the exhibition that showcases 20 innovative designs by 21 students, Aditi Singh, Asst Prof of Industrial Design and the show’s coordinator, says, “Industrial design is about creating mass-produced goods. This exhibition is the last semester of our course, which is a part of the masters in design programme. Spread over 16 weeks, the students conceptualise and research their prototype and design, and bring out the final product.”
A trekking enthusiast, Aditya Shahakar has come with a solution for mountaineers at high altitudes. His idea is a bottle called HighDR8 for difficult zones in the mountains where water is scarce. Having already been sponsored by Mountain Dew and PepsiCo, the bottle promises to keep water in liquid form, using two heating mechanisms, one being a catalytic heater-based mechanism and the other a chemical energy-based heating system to turn water from ice. “It can be used by military personnel and locals residents living in colder areas. When one goes to higher altitudes, the problem that mountaineers face after 4,000 to 5,000 metre is that whatever water they carry freezes. The current apparatus used by them is the burner system, which has to be installed at base camps and is also heavy to carry,” he says.
Having taught government school children in her hometown Gwalior and noticed how they would steal electricity from the main line, Radhika Ojha has developed Jugnoo, a DIY kit that enables children in rural areas to make their own solar study lights while providing them with an illumination solution. Like a toy, the lamp can be carried anywhere, be charged during the day through a solar panel and has a stick with LED. The shade of the lamp can be made from an origami kit provided alongside. “The government provides children uniforms, books and shoes in rural areas. But I found that children have trouble studying at night because there is no light,” she says.
The exhibition is on till today at India Habitat Centre, Delhi
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Jungle Book | The Indian Express

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Jungle Book | The Indian Express

Jungle Book

Wildlife biologist and photographer Latika Nath on her first photo book

Written by Surbhi Gupta | Updated: May 24, 2018 12:05:22 am
Jungle Book
Latika Nath

At the peak of winter in 2016, wildlife biologist and photographer Latika Nath decided that she wanted to meet the snow leopards in Leh and Ladakh. Soon, she found herself 16,000 ft above sea level, where the wind was bitter, air was thin and she had to catch her breath after every few steps. One day, she looked up at the skyline and spotted the majestic cat on top of a mountain. “We watched it for three hours and 45 minutes, to be exact. She saw us, climbed down to stand 50 ft away and was talking to us all the way,” says Latika, who met four more snow leopards in the next few days. The photographs are part of her new coffee-table, Hidden India, which was launched at The Safari Bar in Delhi’s The Lodhi.
Latika is one of the first wildlife biologists in India to work in the field of tiger conservation. Apart from academic research, she has photographed tigers, lions, cheetahs, jaguars, snow leopards and clouded leopards. Only the puma is left. While Latika has shared her images of the Indian landscape and wildlife, writer-journalist Shloka Nath has written autobiographical essays, where she examines her relationship with nature. Apart from the snow leopards, there are breath-taking photographs of tigers in the dense jungles of Madhya Pradesh, great Indian one-horn rhino of Kaziranga, marine life from the depths of the Andaman waters and centuries-old bridges grown from tangled roots in Cherrapunji, among others. The proceeds from the sale of the book will support the elephant conservation project of Wildlife SOS.
Latika remembers being with the wild ever since she was a child. “My parents tell me that my first fishing trip was when I was a three-week old baby. I’ve had every pet possible, from elephants to horses, hedgehogs, eagles and langurs,” she says. Her father, Prof Diwan Lalit Mohan Nath, was the director of AIIMS and a member of the Indian Board for Wildlife and, once Latika returned from school to find a sick baby orangutan resting in her bed. Zoo authorities had sent it to their home for treatment.
Jungle BookA snow leopard photographed by Latika Nath.
Photographing the wild, according to her, is meditative, when everything stops — thinking, thirst, hunger, and chatter in the mind. She relates to animals, and their expressions, moods and conversations. “You live in that moment and observe the pupils of the animal dilate, feel its breath and watch the twitch in its ear when a sibling comes near. The subject is so perfect that every shot becomes a perfect shot,” she says. She returns with over 30,000 photographs from every trip.
She has faced down stereotypes, when people have expected a male scientist on the field. “They did not believe that I’m the person they’ve come to meet. I was the girl in chiffon sarees,” she says with a laugh.
On tiger conservation, she says India still needs more political will. “It doesn’t have to be development versus environment, us and them, environmental ethics needs to be part of development,” says Latika, who has worked for more than 25 years in the field of tiger conservation.
Her next book is titled ‘Ethiopia: Wildlife and Tribes of the Omo Valley, a photo book on one of the world’s oldest tribe.’
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Study shows Taj Mahal still among top 10 landmarks in world and Asia | The Indian Express

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Study shows Taj Mahal still among top 10 landmarks in world and Asia | The Indian Express

Study shows Taj Mahal still among top 10 landmarks in world and Asia

Besides the Taj Mahal two other Indian monuments have made it to top 10, in the Asia rankings. Amber Fort in Jaipur, the finest example of Indo-Islamic architecture, has been ranked ninth while Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar, Punjab, famously known as 'Golden Temple' has been ranked 10th.

By: PTI | Mumbai | Published: May 24, 2018 10:12:03 am
taj mahal, heritage monuments, monuments rankings, tripadvisor monuments rankings, asia best monuments rankings, lifestyle news, travel news
Taj Mahal that is the most beautiful example of Mughal architecture, continued to feature among the top 10 list of the Travellers’ Choice most spectacular landmarks in the world and Asia this year.

The iconic monument of love, Taj Mahal in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, has been ranked sixth in the world and second in Asia’s top landmarks for 2018, Travellers’ Choice awards for Landmarks by TripAdvisor. The majestic mausoleum that is the most beautiful example of Mughal architecture, continued to feature among the top 10 list of the Travellers’ Choice most spectacular landmarks in the world and Asia this year.
The rankings are determined using an algorithm that took into account the quantity and quality of reviews and ratings for landmarks worldwide, gathered over a 12-month period, on TripAdvisor platform.
This year 759 landmarks across 68 countries and eight regions across the globe were taken into consideration. Angkor Wat in Siem Reap, Cambodia, was voted number one among the top 10 Travellers’ Choice Landmarks followed by Plaza de Espana in Seville, Spain, Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque Center in Abu Dhabi, St Peter’s Basilica in Vatican City, Italy, Mezquita Cathedral de Cordoba in Spain, Duomo di Milano in Milan, Italy, Alcatraz Island in San Francisco, US, Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, US and Parliament in Budapest, Hungary.
Meanwhile, in the Asia rankings besides the Taj Mahal two other Indian monuments have made it to top 10.
Amber Fort in Jaipur, Rajasthan, the finest example of Indo-Islamic architecture, has been ranked ninth in the Asia list while Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar, Punjab, famously known as ‘Golden Temple’ has been ranked 10th.
Angkor Wat topped in the Asia list followed by the Taj Mahal, Temple of the Reclining Buddha (Wat Pho) in Bangkok, Thailand, Mutianyu Great Wall in Beijing, China, Fushimi Inari-taisha Shrine Kyoto, Japan, Shwedagon Pagoda in Myanmar, Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Cu Chi Tunnels in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
“India’s landmarks are as diverse as its heritage and are among some of the most iconic structures in the world. This list presents fantastic gems ranging from poignant memorials to sheer architectural marvels,” TripAdvisor India Country Manager Nikhil Ganju said.
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In Egypt, a marionette maker strings together memories | The Indian Express

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In Egypt, a marionette maker strings together memories | The Indian Express

In Egypt, a marionette maker strings together memories

Puppet shows were traditionally performed for adults and children alike, often as nightly entertainment during Ramadan, the holy month when Muslims fast from dawn to dusk, which began last week.

By: AP | Cairo | Published: May 24, 2018 5:46:40 pm
marionette maker Cairo, marionette maker Egypt, puppet show Egypt, puppet show, indian express, indian express news
On a recent night at a cultural centre in Cairo, Bakkar performed a marionette version of an Umm Kulthum concert, with a puppet standing in for the famed Egyptian diva, who dominated the airwaves across the Arab World from the 1930s until her death in 1975. (Source: AP)

In a tiny Cairo workshop, Mohamed Fawzi Bakkar designs and builds marionettes from scratch, hoping to revive a traditional art.
The 32-year-old spends hours or even days designing puppets inspired by Egyptian life — farmers, street vendors, butchers and the occasional celebrity. He devotes special care to the faces, hoping to make them as unique and realistic as possible, and then he puts on shows.
Puppet shows were traditionally performed for adults and children alike, often as nightly entertainment during Ramadan, the holy month when Muslims fast from dawn to dusk, which began last week.
The art form has deep roots in Egypt.
When the Ottoman Sultan Selim the Grim sacked Cairo in the 16th century, he was said to have been so amused by a puppet show depicting the hanging of the vanquished Mamluk ruler that he sent the puppeteer to Istanbul to perform it for his son, the young Suleiman the Magnificent.
The most famous show of recent times was “El-Laila El-Kebira,” or “The Big Night,” first performed in 1961. The show recreates a mawlid — a popular street festival held in honour of local holy figures — with folk songs and dancing. The characters include a village leader, a lion tamer and a belly dancer.
On a recent night at a cultural centre in Cairo, Bakkar performed a marionette version of an Umm Kulthum concert, with a puppet standing in for the famed Egyptian diva, who dominated the airwaves across the Arab World from the 1930s until her death in 1975.
He laments that there are only two venues for performing puppet shows in Cairo and only a couple dozen marionette artists.
“We all dream of having an academy in Egypt that would teach the art of puppetry and to have a theatre in every city,” he said. “I really dream of having my own theatre.”
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Art director Nitin Chandrakant Desai on the first Bollywood theme park in India | The Indian Express

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Art director Nitin Chandrakant Desai on the first Bollywood theme park in India | The Indian Express

Art director Nitin Chandrakant Desai on the first Bollywood theme park in India

ND Film World: A Bollywood Theme Park, which opened on March 8, is the brainchild of veteran art and production designer Nitin Chandrakant Desai. The 43-acre spread has giant sculptures of Bollywood stars etched on a mountain, like Mt Rushmore.

Written by Ektaa Malik | Updated: May 25, 2018 9:32:18 am
Theme for a Dream
A view of the park.

Have you ever wondered how it would be to stand in the very frame Hrithik Roshan did in the song Azeem O Shah Shahenshah in Jodhaa Akbar? Or the opulent house through which Paro dashes to get a last glimpse of her lover in Devdas? You could find out for yourself at a theme park in Karjat, a 90-minute journey from Mumbai, which is dedicated to Bollywood. ND Film World: A Bollywood Theme Park, which opened on March 8, is the brainchild of veteran art and production designer Nitin Chandrakant Desai.
The 43-acre spread has giant sculptures of Bollywood stars etched on a mountain, like Mt Rushmore. A disembodied “Mona darling” greets you at the box office as you buy the tickets (priced at Rs 999). “In 2005, PC Alexander, the former governor of Mumbai, came to visit the sets of Devdas. He asked me, ‘Do you dismantle these sets? Why don’t you keep them for people to see?’ That got me thinking,” says Desai, 54, who has worked with Govind Nihalani, Ashutosh Gowariker and Raj Kumar Hirani, among others.
Nitin Chandrakant Desai.Nitin Chandrakant Desai.
Mumbai-based Desai studied photography at JJ School of Arts and started as fourth assistant director on the sets of the TV show Tamas. The theme park was born from his idea of bridging the gap between films and the consumer. “Till the last few years, filmmaking was seen as a fantastic thing, something that was out of reach for the larger population. We also have a section where people can observe the process of filmmaking. So, it would no longer be a surreal thing,” he says.
Other attractions include a segment where people can dress up as a personality from a film. In another segment, called “Talent Tumhara, Platform Hamara”, people can display their talent. The earliest frameworks of the theme world were the sets that Desai has created for his films — the village in Lagaan and the palaces of Asoka that were retained by the art director.
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EU GDPR law LIVE UPDATES: From Facebook to Google, why privacy policies are changing | The Indian Express

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EU GDPR law LIVE UPDATES: From Facebook to Google, why privacy policies are changing | The Indian Express
Live now

EU GDPR law LIVE UPDATES: From Facebook to Google, why privacy policies are changing

European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) goes in to effect today. Here are live updates on what these changes will mean for users.

Written by Shruti Dhapola | New Delhi |Updated: May 25, 2018 5:19:21 pmGDPR, General Data Protection Regime, GDPR compliance, what is GDPR, GDPR India, GDPR stands for, EU GDPR, GDPR Policy, GDPR meaning, GDPF full form, GDPR privacy policy, Google GDPR, GDPR full formEU GDPR law LIVE UPDATES: Facebook to Google, here is why everyone is update their privacy policies.
European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) goes in to effect today, and that’s the reason why most email inboxes across the world are flooded with emails about updates to privacy policies for companies. GDPR will lay down a new set of rules regarding processing of personal data and with regards to free movement of this data. Essentially, ‘data protection’ is seen as a fundamental right under the new GDPR rules, and according to the Act, this is in “balance with other fundamental rights.” The new set of rules also aim to ensure a “high level of data protection.”
GDPR will give EU citizens more control over their data, but it has implications beyond the European Union. GDPR is also the reason why nearly all players from Google to Facebook are updating their privacy policies and alerting you about the same. Here’s a look at all the key developments with regard to GDPR, which comes into effect from today, which is May 25.

LIVE BLOG

General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) LIVE UPDATES: Facebook, Google privacy policy updates

Fotorrelato: 11 libros para celebrar el Día de África | Babelia | EL PAÍS

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Fotorrelato: 11 libros para celebrar el Día de África | Babelia | EL PAÍS

El marfileño Kouroma es uno de los más célebres escritores de la francofonía africana. En esta novela trata un tema que sobrevuela las ficciones de muchos otros escritores del continente: el de los niños-soldados. En este caso el protagonista es el pequeño Birahima, un niño perteneciente al grupo étnico de los mandinga que combate en Liberia y Sierra Leona. “Alá no está obligado a ser justo en todas las cosas de aquí abajo” es la frase que el niño se repite a sí mismo para tratar de aceptar su situación. La novela fue premiada en Francia con el Goncourt de los Estudiantes y el Renaudot en el año 2000.

ALÁ NO ESTÁ OBLIGADO. Ahmadou Kouroma 



El marfileño Kouroma es uno de los más célebres escritores de la francofonía africana. En esta novela trata un tema que sobrevuela las ficciones de muchos otros escritores del continente: el de los niños-soldados. En este caso el protagonista es el pequeño Birahima, un niño perteneciente al grupo étnico de los mandinga que combate en Liberia y Sierra Leona. “Alá no está obligado a ser justo en todas las cosas de aquí abajo” es la frase que el niño se repite a sí mismo para tratar de aceptar su situación. La novela fue premiada en Francia con el Goncourt de los Estudiantes y el Renaudot en el año 2000.

TRADUCCIÓN DE DANIEL ALCOBA. MUCHNIK, 2001
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